Groundwater modeling applications in mining environments
Keywords:
numerical model, modelling, mine dewatering, open pit, heap leach
Abstract
Simulations in open pit drainage/dewatering, flooding, and environmental impact assessments were carried out using groundwater flow models. In mining hydrogeology, the utility of numerical models is very limited because of the uncertainty associated with the assumptions of hydrogeological parameters and boundary conditions. Among them is a lack of data in identifying hydrogeological conditions, changes in rainfall and evaporation cycles, changes due to land management due to mining activities, changes in mining work schedules, and post-mining void flooding. Numerical modeling is a tool used in diagnosing, managing, and predicting water behavior in soil, which has become increasingly important in recent years. Although mathematical modeling has its advantages, mathematical modeling cannot be the source of all answers to all questions related to groundwater. Modelling is a dynamic tool that must always be developed for the continuous improvement process, to become a representation of natural phenomena. Thus, this review presents a methodological approach to find out the numerical model, overcoming its capabilities and limitations, in the case of different applications in the mining industry, such as open-pit drainage/dewatering and heap leach. Therefore, the purpose of this study through a literature review conducted is to determine how the application of groundwater modeling in an open-pit mining environment is based on the case study examples in this literature.
References
Literatur Review
1] Yang, T.H., Liu, J., Zhu, W.C., Elsworth, D., Tham, L.G. and Tang, C.A., 2007. A coupled flow-stress-damage model for groundwater outbursts from an underlying aquifer into mining excavations. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 44(1), pp.87-97.
[2] Franks, D.M., Boger, D.V., Côte, C.M. and Mulligan, D.R., 2011. Sustainable development principles for the disposal of mining and mineral processing wastes. Resources policy, 36(2), pp.114-122.
[3] Skousen, J.G., Sexstone, A. and Ziemkiewicz, P.F., 2000. Acid mine drainage control and treatment. Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands, 41, pp.131-168.
[4] Salmi, E.F., Nazem, M. and Karakus, M., 2017. The effect of rock mass gradual deterioration on the mechanism of post-mining subsidence over shallow abandoned coal mines. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 91, pp.59-71.
[5] BulgÇŽreanu, V.A., 1996. Protection and management of anthroposaline lakes in Romania. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 2(3â€4), pp.211-229.
[6] Dychkovskyi, R.O., Lozynskyi, V.H., Saik, P.B., Petlovanyi, M.V., Malanchuk, Y.Z. and Malanchuk, Z.R., 2018. Modeling of the disjunctive geological fault influence on the exploitation wells stability during underground coal gasification. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 18, pp.1183-1197.
[7] Murdoch, L.C. and Slack, W.W., 2002. Forms of hydraulic fractures in shallow fine-grained formations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128(6), pp.479-487.
[8] Sahimi, M., 2011. Flow and transport in porous media and fractured rock: from classical methods to modern approaches. John Wiley & Sons.
[9] Adams R., Younger PL. (2001). A strategy for modelling groundwater rebound in abandoned deep mine systems. Ground Water 39(2), 249-261.
[10] Rapantova, N., Grmela, A., Vojtek, D., Halir, J. and Michalek, B., 2007. Ground water flow modelling applications in mining hydrogeology. Mine water and the environment, 26(4), pp.264-270.
[11] Martinez, C., 2010, June. Groundwater Flow Modelling Applications in Mining: Scopes and Limitations. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Water Management in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile (pp. 9-11).
[12] Zhou, Y. and Li, W., 2011. A review of regional groundwater flow modeling. Geoscience frontiers, 2(2), pp.205-214.
[13] Ramasamy, M., Power, C. and Mkandawire, M., 2018. Numerical prediction of the long-term evolution of acid mine drainage at a waste rock pile site remediated with an HDPE-lined cover system. Journal of contaminant hydrology, 216, pp.10-26.
[14] Storey, R.G., Howard, K.W. and Williams, D.D., 2003. Factors controlling riffleâ€scale hyporheic exchange flows and their seasonal changes in a gaining stream: A threeâ€dimensional groundwater flow model. Water Resources Research, 39(2).
[15] Connell, L.D., Jayatilaka, C., Gilfedder, M., Mein, R.G. and Vandervaere, J.P., 2001. Modeling flow and transport in irrigation catchments: 1. Development and testing of subcatchment model. Water Resources Research, 37(4), pp.949-963.
[16] Kampf, S.K., Salazar, M. and Tyler, S.W., 2002. Preliminary investigations of effluent drainage from mining heap leach facilities. Vadose Zone Journal, 1(1), pp.186-196.
[17] Zhao, L., Ren, T. and Wang, N., 2017. Groundwater impact of open cut coal mine and an assessment methodology: A case study in NSW. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 27(5), pp.861-866.
[18] Samaniego, L., Kumar, R. and Attinger, S., 2010. Multiscale parameter regionalization of a gridâ€based hydrologic model at the mesoscale. Water Resources Research, 46(5).
[19] Carrera, J., 1993. An overview of uncertainties in modelling groundwater solute transport. Journal of contaminant hydrology, 13(1-4), pp.23-48.
[20] MacDonald, A.M., Davies, J. and Ó Dochartaigh, B.É., 2001. Simple methods for assessing groundwater resources in low permeability areas of Africa.
[21] Alloisio, S.A.R.A.H., Douglas, B., McKittrick, R. and Prigneau, P., 2004. Groundwater modelling for large-scale mine dewatering in Chile: MODFLOW or FEFLOW.
[22] Martinez, C. and Ugorets, V., 2010. Use of numerical groundwater modelling for mine dewatering assessment. WIM Santiago, Chile, pp.318-326.
[23] Kupfersberger, H. and Deutsch, C.V., 1999. Methodology for integrating analog geologic data in 3-D variogram modeling. AAPG bulletin, 83(8), pp.1262-1278.
[24] Neuzil, C.E., 1986. Groundwater flow in lowâ€permeability environments. Water Resources Research, 22(8), pp.1163-1195.
[25] Coppola Jr, E., Szidarovszky, F., Poulton, M. and Charles, E., 2003. Artificial neural network approach for predicting transient water levels in a multilayered groundwater system under variable state, pumping, and climate conditions. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 8(6), pp.348-360.
[26] Li, H. and Jiao, J.J., 2001. Analytical studies of groundwater-head fluctuation in a coastal confined aquifer overlain by a semi-permeable layer with storage. Advances in Water Resources, 24(5), pp.565-573.
[27] Hoffmann, J., Leake, S.A., Galloway, D.L. and Wilson, A.M., 2003. MODFLOW-2000 ground-water model--User guide to the subsidence and aquifer-system compaction (SUB) package (No. USGS-03-233). Geological Survey Washington DC.
[28] Brooks, R. H. & Corey. A. T. (1964) Hydraulic Properties of Porous Media. Hydrol. Pap. 3. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins
[29] Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980) A Closed-form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils. Soil Sci. Am. J. 44: 892-898
[30] Fredlund, D. G., Xing, A. & Huang, S. (1994) Predicting the Permeability Function for Un¬saturated Soil using the Soil-water Characteristic Curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 533-546
[31] wasy Institute for Water Resources Planning and Systems Research Ltd. (2006) feflow Software (version 5.2)
[32] Diersch, H.J.G., 2013. FEFLOW: finite element modeling of flow, mass and heat transport in porous and fractured media. Springer Science & Business Media.
1] Yang, T.H., Liu, J., Zhu, W.C., Elsworth, D., Tham, L.G. and Tang, C.A., 2007. A coupled flow-stress-damage model for groundwater outbursts from an underlying aquifer into mining excavations. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 44(1), pp.87-97.
[2] Franks, D.M., Boger, D.V., Côte, C.M. and Mulligan, D.R., 2011. Sustainable development principles for the disposal of mining and mineral processing wastes. Resources policy, 36(2), pp.114-122.
[3] Skousen, J.G., Sexstone, A. and Ziemkiewicz, P.F., 2000. Acid mine drainage control and treatment. Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands, 41, pp.131-168.
[4] Salmi, E.F., Nazem, M. and Karakus, M., 2017. The effect of rock mass gradual deterioration on the mechanism of post-mining subsidence over shallow abandoned coal mines. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 91, pp.59-71.
[5] BulgÇŽreanu, V.A., 1996. Protection and management of anthroposaline lakes in Romania. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 2(3â€4), pp.211-229.
[6] Dychkovskyi, R.O., Lozynskyi, V.H., Saik, P.B., Petlovanyi, M.V., Malanchuk, Y.Z. and Malanchuk, Z.R., 2018. Modeling of the disjunctive geological fault influence on the exploitation wells stability during underground coal gasification. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 18, pp.1183-1197.
[7] Murdoch, L.C. and Slack, W.W., 2002. Forms of hydraulic fractures in shallow fine-grained formations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128(6), pp.479-487.
[8] Sahimi, M., 2011. Flow and transport in porous media and fractured rock: from classical methods to modern approaches. John Wiley & Sons.
[9] Adams R., Younger PL. (2001). A strategy for modelling groundwater rebound in abandoned deep mine systems. Ground Water 39(2), 249-261.
[10] Rapantova, N., Grmela, A., Vojtek, D., Halir, J. and Michalek, B., 2007. Ground water flow modelling applications in mining hydrogeology. Mine water and the environment, 26(4), pp.264-270.
[11] Martinez, C., 2010, June. Groundwater Flow Modelling Applications in Mining: Scopes and Limitations. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Water Management in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile (pp. 9-11).
[12] Zhou, Y. and Li, W., 2011. A review of regional groundwater flow modeling. Geoscience frontiers, 2(2), pp.205-214.
[13] Ramasamy, M., Power, C. and Mkandawire, M., 2018. Numerical prediction of the long-term evolution of acid mine drainage at a waste rock pile site remediated with an HDPE-lined cover system. Journal of contaminant hydrology, 216, pp.10-26.
[14] Storey, R.G., Howard, K.W. and Williams, D.D., 2003. Factors controlling riffleâ€scale hyporheic exchange flows and their seasonal changes in a gaining stream: A threeâ€dimensional groundwater flow model. Water Resources Research, 39(2).
[15] Connell, L.D., Jayatilaka, C., Gilfedder, M., Mein, R.G. and Vandervaere, J.P., 2001. Modeling flow and transport in irrigation catchments: 1. Development and testing of subcatchment model. Water Resources Research, 37(4), pp.949-963.
[16] Kampf, S.K., Salazar, M. and Tyler, S.W., 2002. Preliminary investigations of effluent drainage from mining heap leach facilities. Vadose Zone Journal, 1(1), pp.186-196.
[17] Zhao, L., Ren, T. and Wang, N., 2017. Groundwater impact of open cut coal mine and an assessment methodology: A case study in NSW. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 27(5), pp.861-866.
[18] Samaniego, L., Kumar, R. and Attinger, S., 2010. Multiscale parameter regionalization of a gridâ€based hydrologic model at the mesoscale. Water Resources Research, 46(5).
[19] Carrera, J., 1993. An overview of uncertainties in modelling groundwater solute transport. Journal of contaminant hydrology, 13(1-4), pp.23-48.
[20] MacDonald, A.M., Davies, J. and Ó Dochartaigh, B.É., 2001. Simple methods for assessing groundwater resources in low permeability areas of Africa.
[21] Alloisio, S.A.R.A.H., Douglas, B., McKittrick, R. and Prigneau, P., 2004. Groundwater modelling for large-scale mine dewatering in Chile: MODFLOW or FEFLOW.
[22] Martinez, C. and Ugorets, V., 2010. Use of numerical groundwater modelling for mine dewatering assessment. WIM Santiago, Chile, pp.318-326.
[23] Kupfersberger, H. and Deutsch, C.V., 1999. Methodology for integrating analog geologic data in 3-D variogram modeling. AAPG bulletin, 83(8), pp.1262-1278.
[24] Neuzil, C.E., 1986. Groundwater flow in lowâ€permeability environments. Water Resources Research, 22(8), pp.1163-1195.
[25] Coppola Jr, E., Szidarovszky, F., Poulton, M. and Charles, E., 2003. Artificial neural network approach for predicting transient water levels in a multilayered groundwater system under variable state, pumping, and climate conditions. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 8(6), pp.348-360.
[26] Li, H. and Jiao, J.J., 2001. Analytical studies of groundwater-head fluctuation in a coastal confined aquifer overlain by a semi-permeable layer with storage. Advances in Water Resources, 24(5), pp.565-573.
[27] Hoffmann, J., Leake, S.A., Galloway, D.L. and Wilson, A.M., 2003. MODFLOW-2000 ground-water model--User guide to the subsidence and aquifer-system compaction (SUB) package (No. USGS-03-233). Geological Survey Washington DC.
[28] Brooks, R. H. & Corey. A. T. (1964) Hydraulic Properties of Porous Media. Hydrol. Pap. 3. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins
[29] Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980) A Closed-form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils. Soil Sci. Am. J. 44: 892-898
[30] Fredlund, D. G., Xing, A. & Huang, S. (1994) Predicting the Permeability Function for Un¬saturated Soil using the Soil-water Characteristic Curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 533-546
[31] wasy Institute for Water Resources Planning and Systems Research Ltd. (2006) feflow Software (version 5.2)
[32] Diersch, H.J.G., 2013. FEFLOW: finite element modeling of flow, mass and heat transport in porous and fractured media. Springer Science & Business Media.
Published
2020-10-27
How to Cite
satria fitrio, Tedy Agung Cahyadi and Barlian Dwinagara (2020) “Groundwater modeling applications in mining environments”, ReTII, pp. 208-214. Available at: //journal.itny.ac.id/index.php/ReTII/article/view/2036 (Accessed: 21December2024).
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