Pengaplikasian permodelan air tanah pada lingkungan pertambangan
Abstrak
Simulasi dalam pengeringan tambang terbuka, banjir, dan penilaian terhadap dampak lingkungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan model aliran air tanah. Dalam hidrogeologi pertambangan kegunaan model numerik sangatlah terbatas karena ketidakpastian yang terkait dengan asumsi dari parameter hidrogeologi dan kondisi batas. Diataranya kurangnya data dalam mengidentifikasi kondisi hidrogeologi, perubahan siklus curah hujan dan penguapan, perubahan akibat pengelolaan lahan akibat aktivitas penambangan, perubahan jadwal kerja penambangan, dan void flooding pasca penambangan. Model numerik merupakan alat yang digunakan dalam mendiagnosis, mengelola, dan memprediksi perilaku air di tanah, yang mana menjadi semakin penting dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Meskipun pemodelan matematika memiliki kelebihan, pemodelan matematika tidak dapat dijadikan sumber dari segala jawaban atas semua pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan air tanah. Permodelan merupakan alat dinamis yang harus selalu dikembangkan untuk proses perbaikan berkelanjutan, untuk menjadi sebuah representasi fenomena alam. Maka dari itu pada literatur review ini menyajikan pendekatan metodologis untuk mengetahui model numerik, mengatasi kapabilitas dan keterbatasannya, dalam kasus aplikasi yang berbeda dalam industri pertambangan, seperti drainase lubang terbuka dan pencucian timbunan (heap leach). Karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini melalui literatur review yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran pengaplikasian permodelan air tanah pada lingkungan pertambangan tambang terbuka berdasarkan contoh studi kasus pada literatur ini.
Referensi
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