Pengaruh Perlakuan Alkali Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Wettability Serat Alam Agave Sisalana Perrine

Ferriawan Yudhanto; Andika Wisnujati; Kusmo no

Ferriawan Yudhanto Universitas Muhammad Yogyakarta
Andika Wisnujati
Kusmo no

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas tentang sifat mekanis dan kemampuan matriks membasahi serat (wettability) serat sisal (agave sisalana perrine) akibat perendaman alkali (NaOH) konsentrasi 5% dengan jangka waktu 0, 2, 4, 6 dan 8 jam. Matriks yang digunakan yaitu unsaturated polyester (UPR) ditambah dengan methyl-ethyl-keton peroxide (Mekpo) sebagai katalis. Perendaman mengakibatkan hilangnya lapisan wax pada serat sisal sehingga mengakibatkan meningkatnya kekasaran permukaan (surface roughness) pada serat dan juga menaikkan nilai indeks kristalinitas (crystallinity index) selulosa serat sisal. Kedua hal ini akan meningkatkan ikatan interfacial bonding antara serat dan matriks. Bentuk dari droplet UPR pada uji wettability selama perendaman alkali 4 jam posisi droplet cenderung berbentuk barrel yang memiliki sudut kontak 10^o<θ<29^o, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi tegangan permukaan yang baik antara serat dan matriks. Sedangkan perendaman serat dalam waktu yang lama yaitu 6 dan 8 jam akan membentuk droplet dengan bentuk geometri clam-shell yang memiliki sudut kontak 45^o<θ<64^o, hal ini mununjukkan bahwa serat sisal telah rusak dan mengakibatkan rendahnya ikatan interfacial bonding antara serat dan matriks. Pengujian mekanis menggunakan Universal Testing Machine juga menunjukkan hasil peningkatan kekuatan tarik (tensile strength) dan modulus elastisitas akibat naiknya indeks kristalinitas selulosa di dalam serat sisal pada perlakuan alkali selama 4 jam.

Kata Kunci : serat sisal, tensile strength, wettability

References

Adhi Kusumawati. (2009). Aplikasi Serat Sisal Kompetensi Teknik Vol .1, No.1.

Ariawan, D, Z.A.Mohd Ishak, M.S. Salim, R.Mat Taib, M.Z Ahmad Thirmizir. (2015). Wettability and Interfacial Characterization of Alkaline Treated Kenaf Fiber Unsaturated Polyester Composites Fabricated by Resin Transfer Molding. Journal of Polymer Composites. DOI.10.1002 / pc.23609.

Abdalla Abdal-Hay, Ngakan Putu Gede Suardana, Do Yeon Jung, Kwang-Seog Choi, and Jae Kyoo Lim. (2012). Effect Diameters and Alkali Treatment on The Tensile Properties of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Vol.13, No.7, pp. 1199-1206.

Berthelot, J.M. (1997). Composite Materials Mechanical Behavior and Structural Analysis (Valloise, France).

Chalid M, Prabowo I. (2015). The Effects of Alkalization to the Mechanical Properties of the Ijuk Fiber Reinforced PLA Biocomposite, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Material and Metallurgical Engineering Vol9. No2.

Doan Thi Thu Loan. (2006). Investigation on jute fibres and their composites based on polypropylene and epoxy matrices, Dissertation Der Fakultät Maschinenwesen Der Technischen Universität Dresden.

Dinwoodie, J.M. (1981). Timber-its nature and behaviour. (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Company).

Eichhorn, S.J. Baillie, C.A. Zafeiropoulos, N.M, Waikambo,L.Y, Ansell, M.P. Dufrense, A. Entwistle, K.M. Herrera Franco, P.J. Escamilla, G.C. Groom, L. Hughes, M. Hill, C. Rials. T.G. Wild, P.M. (2001). Review Current International Research into Cellulosic Fibres and Composites, Journal of Material Science, vol.36.

Eko Marsyahyo, R. Soekrisno, Heru Santoso.B. Rochardjo, Jamasri, (2006). Karakterisasi Hasil Perlakuan Kimia Alkali X% NaOH terhadap Topografi Permukaan, kekuatan Tarik dan Model Patahan Serat Tunggal Rami (Boehmeria nivea). Seminar Nasional Tahunan Teknik Mesin V-BKSTM, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Eral Huseyin B., Ruiter de J, Ruiter de R, Jung Min Oh, Semprebon C, Brinkmann M, Mugele F., (2011). Drops on functional fibers: from barrels to clamshells and back, The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Gibson, R. F, Principle of Composite Materials Mechanics (Mc.Graw-Hill Inc., New York. USA, 1994).

Hendri Hestiawan, Jamasri, Kusmono, A Preliminary Study: Influence of Alkali Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Agel Leaf Fiber (Corypha gebanga).(2016). Applied Mechanics and Materials Submitted: 2016-02-25, ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 842, pp 61-66.

Haloi P, Baruah R, M.Siddique N, Sarma D, Bharti A., (2014). Stability and Surface Free Energy Analysis of a Liquid Drop on a Horizontal Cylindrical Wire Using FEM Simulation. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, eISSN: 2319-1163, Vol.3, Issue 3.

Hyer, M.W, Stress Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material (Mc-Graw Hill, 1998)

Joseph, K, et, al. 1999, A Review on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite, Revista Brasileira de Agricola e Ambiental, vol.3 No.3, Brasil 1999, pp. 367-379.

M.Waikambo L.Y, Martin P. Ansell. (2002). Chemical Modification of Hemp, Sisal, Jute and Kapok Fibers by Alkalization, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.84, 2222-2234.

Mahuya Das and Debabrata Chakraborty. (2006). Influence of Alkali Treatment on the Fine Structure and Morphology of Bamboo Fibers, Jornal of Aplied Polymer Science, Vol. 102, 5050-5056. DOI 10.1002 / app. 25105.

Mishra, S., Misra, M., Trpathy, S.S., Nayak, S,K., and Mohanty, A,K. (2002). The Influence of Chemical Surface Treatment Modification on the Performance of Sisal-Polyester Biocomposite, Polymer Composite, Vol 23, No.2, pp. 164-170.

Panigrahi S., Powell T., Wang B.,Tabil L.G., Crerar, W, Sokhansanj S. (2003). The Effect of Chemical Pretreatments on Flax Fibre Biocomposite, Journal The Society for Eng. In Agricultural, Food, and Biological System, ASAE Meeting Paper no RRV03-0018.

Purwanto, Wijayanti Dwi Astuti, Harini Sosiati, Kuwat Triyana. (2014). Karakteristik Morfologi dan Strukturmikro Serat Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L) Akibat Perlakuan Kimia, Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah XXVII Jateng & DIY, ISSN: 0853-0823.

Kuncoro Diharjo. (2006). Pengaruh Perlakuan Alkali Terhadap Sifat Tarik Bahan Komposit Serat Serat Rami-Polyester, Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Petra Surabaya, Vol.8, No.1.

Rowell, R.M. Han, J.S. Rowell, J.S. (2014). Characterization and Factors Effecting Fiber Properties; Natural Polymer and Agrofiber Composite (Editor: E.Fronlini, L.H.C. Matasso, A.L. Leao, Brasil.

Rochery, M, Vroman, I, Campagne, C. (2006). Coating of Polyester with Poly dimethylsiloxane and Polytetramethylene oxide based Polyurethane, Jurnal Of Industrial textile, vol.35, no.3, pp. 227-238.

Supriyadi, Tirtosuprobo, Sudjindro, Budi Santoso, Gembong Dalmadiyo, I.G.A.A. Indrayani, Subandi. (1996). Panduan Budidaya Tanaman Agave, Balai Penelitian Tembakau dan Tanaman Serat, Malang.

Setyanto H.R , Diharjo K, Miasa Made.I And Setyono P., (2013). A Preliminary Study: The Influence of Alkali Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coir Fiber, Journal of Materials Science Research, vol.2:No.4 80-88, 2013.

Velde, K.V, and Kiekens, P. (1999). Wetability of Natural Fibres Used as Reinforcement for Composites. Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie vol. 272, pp.87-93.

W.P. Inacio; F.P.D. Lopes; S.N. Monteiro. (2010). Diameter dependence of tensile strength by Weibull analysis: Part III sisal fiber, Revista Matéria, vol.15, No.2, pp. 124-130.

Zulkifli Djafar dan Onny S. Sutresman. (2009). Pengaruh Perlakuan Permukaan Serat Alam Rami (Boehmeria-Nivea) terhadap Wettability dan Kemampuan Rekat Matrik Epoxy Resin, Jurnal Penelitian Enjiniring, Vol 12, No.2.