Desain dan Implementasi Alat Pemantauan Cuaca Self-Sustain Berbasis IoT untuk Dukungan Data Cuaca Real-Time
Kata Kunci:
Internet of Things, Energi Surya, Pemantauan Cuaca, Self-Sustain System, Data Real TimeAbstrak
Perubahan iklim dan dinamika cuaca ekstrem menuntut ketersediaan sistem pemantauan cuaca yang akurat, berkelanjutan, dan mudah diakses. Sistem konvensional yang bergantung pada infrastruktur listrik dan operasional manual sering kali menghadapi keterbatasan di wilayah terpencil. Sebagai respons terhadap tantangan tersebut, dikembangkan alat pemantauan cuaca self-sustain berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang mampu menyediakan data atmosfer secara real-time melalui integrasi sensor otomatis dan sumber energi surya. Sistem menggunakan sensor DHT22, BMP280, BH1750, anemometer digital, dan rain sensor yang dihubungkan ke mikrokontroler ESP32 dan dikirim ke cloud platform (ThingSpeak dan Blynk) untuk visualisasi data daring. Pengujian dilakukan selama tujuh hari di lingkungan terbuka Kampus ITNY dengan interval pengambilan data setiap lima menit. Hasil menunjukkan akurasi pengukuran dalam batas ±5% dibandingkan data BMKG, efisiensi energi 84,7%, dan tingkat keberhasilan transmisi data 97,6%. Sistem mampu beroperasi mandiri hingga 78 jam tanpa sinar matahari, membuktikan efektivitas rancangan self-sustain berbasis energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini mendukung pengembangan sistem pemantauan cuaca yang efisien, hemat energi, dan berkelanjutan untuk mendukung mitigasi bencana dan perencanaan sumber daya berbasis data real-time.
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