PENGARUH PITCH SUDU TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN ULIR
Abstract
Abstrak
Sumber tenaga air dengan head rendah di Indonesia masih banyak yang belum termanfaatkan sehingga perlu dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan secra optimal. Salah satu turbin yang mampu bekerja pada head rendah adalah turbin ulir. Banyak parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja turbin ulir, di antaranya adalah jumlah sudu, jumlah lilitan, jarak antar sudu, sudut kemiringan, dan debit. Sehubungan dengan hal ini maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui harga parameter-parameter tersebut pada kondisi kinerja optimalnya.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui pengaruh pitch sudu , kemiringan sudu dan laju aliran air masuk terhadap putaran, daya output dan efisiensi turbin ulir.
Penelitian dilakukan terhadap suatu model turbin ulir dengan dengan diameter luar ulir (d0) 10,10 cm, ulir tunggal , dan panjang ulir 43 cm, dengan variasi sudut kemiringan antara 100 sampai 450, variasi laju aliran air 84 l/menit, 95 l/menit dan 105 l/menit,dan variasi jarak antar sudu (p) 2 cm, 3 cm , 4 cm
Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh putaran maksimum 240 rpm pada laju aliran air 105 liter/menit , sudut kemiringan 20 0,dan pitch sudu 3 cm menghasilkan daya maksimum 5,558 W dengan efisiensi maksimum sebesar 44,349.
Kata-kata Kunci: turbin ulir, head rendah, daya, efisiensi ,pitch
Abstract
Indonesia has many low head hidro power energy resources that have not been in use yet, so it is needed to be developed and exploited. One of the low head hydro power turbines is Archemedian srew turbine. There are many parameters and variables that influence to the performance of the turbines, such as number and pitch of blades, inclination angle, and flow rate.
The objective of the risearch is to investigate the influences of pitch of blades, inclination angle and flow rate to the turbine output power and turbine eficiency.
The research has been conducted in a 10.1 outside diameter , 43 cm length model screw turbine, in which pitch of blades was varied in 2 cm ,3 cm and 4 cm, inclination angle was varied in 10 0 ,150 , 200, 250 , 300, 350 and 45 0 and flow rate was varied in 84 l/min, 95 l/min and 105 l/min.
It is concluded from the research that maximum rotation 240 rpm, maximum power output is 5,558 Watt, maximum eficiency is 44,349 %, and they are reached at 105 l/men flow rate, 20 0 incline angle. and 3 cm pitch blades.
Keywords : screw turbine, low head, power, eficiency, pitch.
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